Plato’s REPUBLIC, Book 4, part 2

Plato's Republic is arguably THE foundational text of the Western tradition in philosophy. Book four presents the completion of the kallipolis, the good city, and this means that it must possess the four virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation and justice. Finding wisdom in the rulers, courage in the guardian auxiliary class (the defenders of the city), and moderation as an agreement among everyone as to who rules, by process of elimination justice, the object of our inquiry, must be whatever is left over. Justice, it turns out, is just the proper division of labor amongst the three parts of the populace: 1) the rulers, 2) the guardians and 3) the common workers, or producers. Does this account of the virtues writ large, though, correspond to a similar structure in the individual soul? We conclude that it does. This is the the second installment of Book 4. Enjoy!

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